Nematicides

ABSTRACT

Monochlorovinyl-substituted phosphorus compounds of the general formula   WHERE R and R1 are independently hydrogen or alkyl, and R2 is alkyl are useful as nematicides.

United States Patent 11 1 McBeth 1 Feb. 11, 1975 15 1 NEMATICIDES 3,720,735 3/1973 Martin et a1. 260/957 [75] Inventor: Clyde Warren McBeth, Modesto, FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS Calif- 744,360 2/1960 Great Britain 747,824 4/1956 Great Britain [73] Assignee. Shell 011 Company, Houston, Tex. 1,182,886 3/1970 Great Britain [22] Filed: Dec. 26, 1973 1,204,447 9/1970 Great Britain [211 App! 430994 Primary Examiner-Albert T. Meyers Related U.S. Application Data Assistant ExaminerDoug1as W. Robinson [63] Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 329,911, Feb. 5,

1973, abandoned. [57] ABSTRACT Monochlorovinyl-substituted phosphorus compounds [52] U.S. Cl 424/219, 424/220, 260/957 of the general formula [51] Int. Cl A0ln 9/36 [58] Field of Search 424/219, 220; 260/957 R O [56] References Cited OCH (incl UNITED STATES PATENTS 2 2,927,122 3/1960 Schrader 260/461 R OR 3,454,682 7/1969 Haynes et a1. 260/956 3,511,632 5/1970 Wallensak et a1. 71/86 where R and R1 are independently hydrogen or alkyl, 3,538,220 11/1970 l-laynes et a1. 424/220 d 2 is alkyl are useful as nematicides 3,626,036 12/1971 Su'renberg et a1. 260/957 3,652,742 3/1972 Sirrenberg et a1. 260/957 5 Claims, N0 Drawings 3,865,938 1 2 I NEMATICIDES its Compounds, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Volume X, p. 496-501 (1953), by combining a dialkyl ifggfiggg gg chlorophosphite with the appropriate alkylamine according to the following reaction 1 (R PCl R N R 0)2- p Hcl This is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. where R, R and R are as defined above. 329,91 1, filed Feb. 5, 1973, now abandoned. The preparation of the compounds of this invention is illustrated in detail in the following examples for the FIELD OF THE INVENTION purpose of fully providing the procedure used to obtain This invention relates to the use as nematicides of the compounds. In the examples below, the structure of certain phosphorus compounds. More particularly, the the products was confirmed by elemental and infrared invention relates to the use as nematicides of certain analyses. aliphatic monochlorovinyl-substituted phosphorus EXAMPLE 1 compounds. 7 Preparation of 2-chlorovinyl ethyl diethylphosphorami- SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION date It has nowbeen found that the aliphatic Preparation of diethyl chlorophosphite monochlorovinyl-substituted phosphorus compounds To 498 grams of methyl Phosphite was added about f Formula} 10% of 206.3 grams of phosphorus trichloride and, R 0 after stirring for 20 minutes, the remaining phosphorus u trichloride was added portionwise over a period-of 45 N P OCH cHCl minutes at a temperature up to 42C. The reaction mix- 2 ture was then heated at 80 to 100 C for 1 hour, al- R OR lowed to stand overnight, and distilled quickly at 20 wherein R and R are independently hydrogen, methyl, at m a? Pelow 9 give 577 grams ethyl, isopropyl; and 2 is methyl ethyl or isopropyl are of clear llquld. This liquid was redistilled at 40 Torr and useful and unexpectedly effective as nematicides. The P to C to glve 944 grams ofllquld- The Femamder unique and unexpected utility of the above class of was'dlstlneq through an oidershaw 20 Plate Column Compounds is evident when activity of these a reflux T311101] of 3:1 to give 372.5 grams of colorless pounds is compared to the activity of the correspond- Product bollmg at 680-710 C at 32 Torr reprcsemillg ing n-propyland butyl-substituted derivatives which a 53% yield 9 l qp p I i are inferior nematicides or when compared to the ac- 35 Preparatlon of methyl dlethylphosphotamldlte tivity of related dichlorovinyl phosphorus compounds To a Solution of grams diethylamifle in 2 liter-5 which are also inferior nematicides. ether was added a solution of 349 grams diethyl chloro- Particularly preferred for use as nematicides because Phosphlte (Prepared as m (a) above and muted with of their unexpectedly high levels of activity are those ether to 9 mnlliter s) at a temperaufre f 00-100 C compounds described by Formula I wherein R is over a period of 30 rnmutes. The reaction mixture was methyl, ethyl, or isopropyl, R is hydrogen, methyl, stirred for two addltlonal hours and then fitered to reethyly or isopmpyli and 2 is ethyl or iSOPrOPYL Typical move the amine s a1t. The solvent was removedfrom the compounds of this subclass include: 2 -chlorovinyl ethyl filtrate to gwe a hqud Whldl was 91591189 to glve 314-4 isopropylphosphoramidate and 2-chlorovinyl ethyl diegrams (76% of the theoretlcal Weld) of Colorless thylphospphoramidatel ethyl diethylphosphoramidite, boiling at 63 to 70 C at The monovinyl-substituted phosphorus compounds 4TOYY- of Formula I are readily prepared, using the Perkow repreparfltlon of zchlorovmyl ethyl y p action and an experimental procedure similar to that Phommldate disclosed in us. Pat. No. 2,956,073 by mixing the cor- To 314 grams of methyl y p p m ite responding compound of Formula II below with di- [P p as in above], 190 grams of hl hd h d as i h f ll i reaction; chloroacetaldehyde was added dropwise at a temperawhere R, R and R are as defined above. ture of 40-50 C over a period of 35 .minutes with oc- The reaction isconveniently carried out at a temper- 6O casional cooling. The reaction mixture was stirred for ature of from about 0 to about 100 C, preferably from an additional hour, then stripped of low boiling mateabout 40 to about 50 C, for a period of about 1 to rial and distilled to give (A) 191.7 grams ofa tan liquid about 24 hours. The product is isolated by one of the boiling at 88-96 C at 0.1 Torr and-having 83.8% puusual methods used by those skilled in the art, for exrity by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis and ample, by distillation or by chromatography. (B) 49.6 grams of a tan liquid boiling at 96 C at 0.1

The compound designated as 11 above can be pre- 7 Torr and having 92.1% purity by GLC analysis, reprepared using the method taught by Kosolapoff in, for cX- senting a 61% total yield of 2-chlorovinyl ethyl diethylample, Properties and Chemistry of Phosphorus and phosphoramidate.

EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of 2-chlorovinyl ethyl phoramidate a. To a solution of 300 grams of isopropylamine in 2 liters ether was added dropwise with vigorous stirring over a period of one hour 372.5 grams of diethyl chlorophosphite [prepared as in 1(a) above] at a temperature of to +5 C. After two additional hours during which time the reaction mixture was not cooled, the reaction mixture was filtered to remove the amine salt. The solvent was removed from the filtrate to give 521 grams of a crude product which was distilled to yield (A) 351.8 grams of a product boiling at 52-58 C at 4 Torr and (B) 46 grams of residue. GLC analysis indi-. cated that (A) was about 97% and (B) was about 70% of the desired 0,0-diethyl isopropylphosphoramidite.

b. To 324 grams of 0,0-diethyl isopropylphosphoramidite [prepared as in (a) above], 205 grams of dichloracetaldehyde was added dropwise over a period of 45 minutes at a temperature of 40 to 45 C with stirring and occasional cooling. The reaction mixture was stirred for an additional hour and then distilled to give 254.5 grams of light tan product boiling at ll6l22 C at 0.4 Torr and having 80% purity by GLC analysis, representing a 63% yield of 2-chlorovinyl ethyl isopropylphosphoramidate.

isopropylphosthe harmful effects of nematodes that is, the unsegmented roundworms of the class Nematoda. also known as eelworms, which customarily inhabit soil and feed upon the roots of plants growing therein.

TABLE I Example 3 Z-chlorovinyl ethyl dimethylphosphoramidate; boiling point 89-9 l at 0.02 Torr.

2-chlorovinyl isopropyl dimethylphosphoramidate; undistilled.

2-chlorovinyl ethyl diisopropylphosphoramidate; boiling point 80-8 2 at 0.0! Torr.

Example 4 Example 5 EXAMPLE 6 TABLE II PER CENT CONTROL OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES O-Week Ho 1d Time osage rate, parts per million 2-week Hold Time Compound R O n I N e P OCH CHCl 1 l R 2 R R R 20 c n c n c n I00 iso--C H H C H 100 isoC H 1soC H C H 100 C 5 H C H 100 CH CH I C H 79 C 8 a :tsoC H C C 11 1io-C H 86 EXAMPLES 3-5 Using the method illustrated in Examples 1 and 2, the compounds listed in Table I were prepared.

The phosphoramidates of this invention have been found to be effective in the protection of plants from substituted phosphoramidate derivatives is set out in Table 111. It is evident that even the n-propyland butylsubstituted derivatives are significantly less active than the compounds of the present invention. v,30/29 TABLE III PER CENT CONTROL OF ROOT-KNOT NEMA'I'ODES Dosage rate, parts per million -week Hold Time A further comparison of activity can be made against the activity of related dichlorovinyl phosphoramidates. The results of similar tests for nematicidal activity of such compounds is shown in Table IV. Again the related dichlorovinyl phosphoramidates are significantly less active than the monochlorovinyl phosphoramidates of the present invention.

2-week Hold Time Zlternatively, the dry compositions may be formed into granules or pellets by known techniques.

The phosphoramidates may be dispensed in the form of solutions or dispersions in inert organic solvents or in mixtures of inert organic solvents and water. The solvents that may be used in the preparation of these compositions include both polar and non-polar aliphatic TABLE IV PER CENT CONTROL OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES 0-week Hold Time Dosage rate, par ts per million Compound R\ 0 II N P oca CCl 1 2 2 R 0R R R1 R2 20 1o ca ca c 11 31 31 c n c c 11 as 54 From the results of the tests set forth in Tables II, III and IV, it is apparent that the phosphoramidates of this invention are an effective class of nematicides having superior utility as compared to related classes of phosphoramidates.

The phosphoramidates of this invention may, if desired, be applied as such to the locus to be treated. Ordinarily and preferably, however, these compounds are used in combination with an inert agriculturally acceptable diluent or carrier to make it easier to measure accurately and to apply evenly the small amounts of the nematicide that are required to control nematode activity as well as apply them in a form that will be readily dispersed through the soil. These compounds can be mixed with or deposited upon inert particulate solids,

such as fillers earth, talc, diatomaceous earth, natural clay, kaolin, walnut shell flour, and the like, to form dry particular compositions. Such compostions may be employed as dusts, or they may, if desired, be dispersed in water with or without the aid of a surface-active agent.

2-week Hold Time and aromatic solvents including, for example benzene, toluene, xylene, naphtha, dimethylformamide, carbon tetrachloride, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone', ethanol, propanol, butanol, dioxane, and mixtures thereof.

The method for applying the compositionsof this invention comprises applying a phosphoramidate, ordinarily in a composition of one of the aforementioned types, to a locus or area to be protected from nematodes. The active compound, of course, is applied in amounts sufficient to exert the desired action.

The amount of the phosphoramidate to be used in controlling nematodes will naturally depend on the formulation used, the mode of application, the climate, the season of the year, the particular nematode to be controlled, and other variables. Recommendations as to precise amounts are, therefore, not possible. In general, however, application to the locus to be protected of from one to twenty and preferably three to ten pounds per acre of the phosphoramidate of this invention will be satisfactory.

What is claimed is:

1. A method for controlling nematodes which comprises applying to the nematodes a nematicidally effective amount of a compound of the formula N'-P OCH CHCl where R and R are independently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or isopropyl, and R is methyl, ethyl or isopropyl. 

1. A METHOD FOR CONTROLLING NEMATODES WHICH COMPRISES APPLYING TO THE NEMATODES A NEMATICIDALLY EFFECTIVE AMOUNT OF A COMPOUND OF THE FORMULA
 2. A method according to claim 1 wherein R is methyl, ethyl, or isopropyl, R1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or isopropyl, and R2 is ethyl or isopropyl.
 3. A method according to claim 2 where R is ethyl or isopropyl, R1 is hydrogen or ethyl, and R2 is ethyl.
 4. A method according to claim 3 where R is ethyl, R1 is ethyl, and R2 is ethyl.
 5. A method according to claim 3 where R is isopropyl, R1 is hydrogen, and R2 is ethyl. 